Sorption-biological treatment of oil-polluted coastal areas in the Euro-Arctic region
UDC: 504.062
DOI: 10.33285/2411-7013-2022-1(304)-29-35
Authors:
MYAZIN VLADIMIR A.
1,
CHAPORGINA ALEXANDRA A.1
1 Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Apatity, Russian Federation
Keywords: bioremediation, sorbents, hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, oil pollution, coastal territories, Arctic
Annotation:
The sorption-biological technology treatment for the restoration of the coastal territories of the Arctic seas after oil spills has been proposed. Granular activated carbon, thermally activated vermiculite and neutralized peat were used as sorbents. Sorbents are the centers of the highest concentration of microorganisms, they prevent the spread of hydrocarbons, improve the contaminated substrate state by optimizing the water-air regime. After being used, sorbents are not removed from the soil. On the basis of aboriginal microorganisms, an association was selected with an oil-oxidizing ability, consisting of bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida) and micromycetes (Penicillium janthinellum, Penicillium simplicissimum). The use of aboriginal hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, typical for most coastal substrates of the Euro-Arctic region, excludes the possibility of irreversible changes in the structure of the microbial community of coastal territories. As a result of laboratory studies carried out at a temperature of 10 °C, the content of hydrocarbons in the contaminated sand in three months decreased by 44...60 %, in the coastal soil – by 25...68 %. Biotechnology can be applied at the final stage of coastal clean-up, and also as the only clean-up method in the areas where the use of traditional methods can harm the environment.
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