Scientific and technical journal
«Proceedings of Gubkin University»
ISSN 2073-9028
PECULIARITIES OF NATURAL GAS TREATMENT IN LNG PRODUCTION
UDC: 661.91-404
DOI: -
Authors:
1 Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas
Keywords: liquefaction of natural gas, LNG, acid gas removal, gas dehydration, mercury removal, small-scale LNG production
Annotation:
Before natural gas enters the liquefaction unit at the LNG plant it should be prepared to meet the requirements for the content of hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, mercaptans, mercury, water, and other impurities. For this purpose input slug catchers, acid gas removal units, dehydration units and mercury removal units are placed in the train. The article gives an overview of Russian and foreign publications on new technologies of gas purification and dehydration for LNG production. The classification and short description of processes for acid gases removal from natural gas, including absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are presented. Absorption processes include chemical absorption with amine solutions, physical absorption, and mixed solvents absorption. Characteristics of various types of molecular sieves for dehydration units are given. The existing and prospective technologies of mercury removal process by chemical adsorption are described. Particular attention is paid to the gas pre-treatment technologies for small-scale LNG production.
Bibliography:
1. Mokhatab S., Mak J.Y., Valappil J.V., Wood D.A. Handbook of Liquefied Natural Gas. — Oxford: Elsevier Inc., 2014. — 624 с.2. Федорова Е.Б. Современное состояние и развитие мировой индустрии сжиженного природного газа: технологии и оборудование. — М.: РГУ нефти и газа имени И.М. Губкина, 2011. — 159 с.
3. Klinkenbijl J.M., Dillon M.L., Heyman E.C. Gas Pre-Treatment and their Impact on Liquefaction Processes//Proceedings of the 78th Annual Gas Processors Association (GPA) Convention, 1999. URL: https://www.gpaglobal.org/publications (дата обращения 05.06.2015).
4. Kalat Jari H.R., Khomarloo P., Assa K. A new approach for sizing finger-type (multiple-pipe) slug catchers//Gas Processing. — 2015. — № 05/06. — P. 53–60.
5. Waldmann I.B., Haylock T. Removal Requirements//LNG Industry. — 2014. — № 10. — С. 59-62.
6. Лапидус А.Л., Голубева И.А., Жагфаров Ф.Г. Газохимия. — М.: РГУ нефти и газа им. И. М. Губкина, 2013 — 405 с.
7. Технология переработки природного газа и газоконденсата: Справочник: в 2 ч. — М.: ООО „Недра-Бизнесцентр”, 2002. — Ч. 1. — 517 с.
8. Ortiz-Vega D., Dowdle J., Cristancho D., Badhwar A. Accurate rate-based modelling of acid gas and mercaptan removal using hybrid solvents//Hydrocarbon Processing. — 2015. — № 6. — С. 53-56.
9. Burr B., Lyddon L. A comparison of physical solvents for acid gas removal. Proceedings of the 87th Annual GPA Convention. Grapevine, Texas, 2008. URL: https://www.gpaglobal.org/ publications (дата обращения 05.09.2015).
10. Голубева И.А., Баканев И.А. Завод по производству СПГ проекта Сахалин-2 ("Сахалин Энерджи Инвестмент Компани Лтд„) //Нефтепереработка и нефтехимия. — 2015. — № 6. — С. 27-37.
11. Kidnay A.J., Parrish W.R., McCartney D.G. Fundamentals of natural gas processing. 2nd edition. — London, New York: CRC Press. Taylor&Francis Group, 2011. — 464 р.
12. Mak J., Graham C. Coping under pressure//LNG Industry. — 2015. — № 7/8. — С. 39-44.
13. Kohl A., Nielsen R. Gas Purification. 5th edition. Houston, TX, USA.: Gulf Publishing Company, 1997. — 1395 р.
14. Blachman M., McHuge T. Sour gas dehydration technology and alternatives//LRGCC 2000: conference proceedings: 50 Laurance Reid Gas Conditioning Conference. — Norman, Okla.: The University, 2000.
15. Molecular Sieve Desiccant Dehydrator For Natural Gas. www2.emersonprocess.com. 06.2013. URL: http://www2.emersonprocess.com/siteadmincenter/PM%20Valve%20Automation%20 Documents/Bettis/Brochure/MolecularSieve.pdf (дата обращения 16.09.2015 г.).
16. Farag Hassan A.A., Ezzat M.M., Amer H., Nashed A.W. Natural gas dehydration by desiccant materials//Alexandria Engineering Journal. — 2011. — V. 50. — Р. 431-439.
17. Qualls W.R., Watkins J., Radtke D. A Tale of Two Sieves//Proceedings of the International Conference GASTECH, 2011.
18. Terrigeol A. Molecular sieves in gas processing: Effects and consequences by contaminants. www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com. URL: http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3137897/ Gas-Processing-or-LNG-Amines/Molecular-sieves-in-gas-processing-Effects-and-consequences-by-со-ntaminants.html (дата обращения 18.07.2015).
19. Northrop S., Sundaram N. Modified cycles, adsorbents improve gas treatment, increase mol-sieve life//Oil and Gas Journal. 08/24/2008. URL: http://www.ogj.com/articles/print/volume-106/issue-29/processing/modified-cycles-adsorbents-improve-gas-treatment-increase-mol-sieve-life.html (дата обращения 18.07.2015).
20. Abbott J., Oppenshaw P. Mercury Removal Technology and Its Applications// Proceedings of the 81st Annual GPA Convention, Dallas, TX, USA, 2002. URL: https://www.gpaglobal.org/ publications (дата обращения 05.09.2015).
21. Eckersley N. Advanced mercury removal technologies. www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com. URL: http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/2594500/Search/Advanced-mercury-removal-technologies.html?Keywords=mercury+removal&PageMove=1. (дата обращения: 10.09.2015 г.).
22. Carnell P.J.H, Row V.A. Quelling quicksilver// LNG Industry. — 2014. — № 5. — Р. 63-67.
23. Markovs J., Clarc K. Optimized Mercury Removal in Gas Plants//Proceedings of the 84th Annual GPA Convention, San-Antonio, 2005. URL: https://www.gpaglobal.org/publications (дата обращения 05.09.2015).
24. Stiltner J. Mercury Removal From Natural Gas and Liquid Streams//Proceedings of the 81st Annual GPA Convention, Dallas, TX, USA, 2002. URL: https://www.gpaglobal.org/publications (дата обращения 08.09.2015).
25. Ruddy T., Pennybaker K. State Of Mercury Removal Technology// Procedings of the 86th Annual GPA Convention, San-Antonio, TX, USA, 2007. URL: https://www.gpaglobal.org/publications (дата обращения 05.09.2015).
26. Alper H. Disengagement of Aerosol Mercury from LNG//LNG Industry. — 2014. — № 10. — Р. 55-58.
27. Alper H. Coalescing mercury contaminants//LNG Industry. — 2015. — № 4. — Р. 49-52.
28. Goodghild J., Lind T., Melville A. Pretreatment System Modifications for Improving CO2 Removal in the Feedgas for 3 Gas Utility Peak-Shaving Plants. Proceedings of the International Conference LNG-17, Houston, TX, USA, 2013. URL: http://www.gastechnology.org/Training/Pages/ LNG17-conference/LNG-17-Conference.aspx (дата обращения: 10.09.2015 г.).
29. Small Scale LNG. 2012-2015 Triennium Work Report//Paris: International Gas Union, June 2015. — 84 p. URL: http://www.igu.org/sites/default/files/node-page-field_file/SmallScaleLNG.pdf (дата обращения: 10.07.2015 г.).
30. Широкова Г.С., Елистратов М.В. Технологические задачи комплексной очистки природного газа для получения СПГ//Газовая промышленность. Спецвыпуск „Производство, транспортировка, хранение и использование сжиженного природного газа”. — 2011. — С. 11-15.
31. Zhou J., Meyer H., Leppin D. Hibrid Membrane/Absorbtion Process For Acid Gas Removal in FLNG Applications//Proceedings of the International Conference LNG-17, Houston, TX, USA, 2013. URL: http://www.gastechnology.org/Training/Pages/LNG17-conference/LNG-17-Conference. aspx (дата обращения: 10.09.2015 г.).
32. Lin W., Xiong X., Gu A. Natural Gas Pressurized Process Adopting MR Refrigeration and CO2 Removal by Anti-sublimation. Proceedings of the International Conference LNG-17, Houston, TX, USA, 2013. URL: http://www.gastechnology.org/Training/Pages/LNG17-conference/LNG-17-Conference.aspx (дата обращения: 10.09.2015 г.).