«Проблемы экономики и управления нефтегазовым комплексом»

КЛИМАТИЧЕСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ НЕФТЯНЫХ КОМПАНИЙ: ДЕКАРБОНИЗАЦИЯ ПО-ЕВРОПЕЙСКИ ИЛИ ПО-АМЕРИКАНСКИ?

УДК: 339.146(100)
DOI: 10.33285/1999-6942-2021-11(203)-52-62

Авторы:

¹ Институт мировой экономики и международных отношений им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, г. Москва, Россия

Ключевые слова: американская и европейская модели декарбонизации; мейджоры США; национальные нефтяные компании; углеродная нейтральность; возобновляемые источники энергии; "зеленый" водород; улавливание; хранение и утилизация углерода; лесные стоки; Petrobras; Ecopetrol; Petronas; Saudi Aramco; ADNOC; Qatar Petroleum; PDO; Sonatrach; ONGC; CNPC; Sinopec; CNOOC.

Аннотация:

Изменение климата становится одним из серьезнейших вызовов современности для нефтяной промышленности в целом, но особенно для национальных нефтяных компаний нефтегазодобывающих стран. В нефтяной промышленности сложились две модели политики по декарбонизации нефтяных компаний: европейская, подразумевающая трансформацию мейджоров в энергетические компании широкого профиля, в портфеле активов которых возобновляемые источники занимают все более важное место; и американская, в рамках которой ExxonMobil и Chevron по-прежнему делают ставку на углеводороды и уменьшают свой углеродный след, повышая энергоэффективность и снижая углеродоемкость деятельности. Соответственно, передовые национальные нефтяные компании идут либо по европейскому (например, Ecopetrol) или американскому (например, Petrobras) пути, при этом сохраняя свою специфику. Дальновидные ННК проводят политику декарбонизации по ряду ключевых направлений: сокращая сжигание попутного газа в факелах, реализуя проекты улавливания, хранения и утилизации углерода, занимаясь возобновляемыми источниками энергии, начиная производить "зеленый" водород и осуществляя программы посадки лесов.

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